Examination can be divided into:
- general
- pupils
- acuity
- fields
- fundi
Pupils
The pupillary light reaction
- afferent : optic nerve
- efferent : parasympoathetic component of the third nerve on both sides
Accomodation reaction
- afferent : arises in the frontal lobes
- efferent : as for light reaction
Acuity
Abnormalities may arise from:
- ocular problemas, such as dense cataracts ( lens opacities). Not correctable with glasses but raedily identifiable on ophtalmoscopy
- optical problems: abnormalities of the lenght of the focusing system in the eye, commonly called long- or short-sightedness. this can be corrected by glasses or by getting the patient to look through a pin-hole
- retinal or retro-orbital abnormality of vison which cannot be corrected using lenses. Retinal causes are often visible on ophthalmoscopy.
Fields
The difference between papilloedema and papillitis can be remembered:
The difference between papilloedema and papillitis can be remembered:
- you see nothing( can´t find the disc) + patient sees everything ( normal vison)= papilloedema
- you see nothing + patient sees nothing ( severe visula loss) = papillitis
- you see everything ( normal looking disc) + patient sees nothing = retrobulbar neuritis
Dr. tengo unas imágenes que saque del libro de exploración física Bates , que vienen didácticas y puede que les nos sirvan para recordar más fácilmente ; le dejo los links del dropbox donde los puede checar:
ResponderEliminarPC que controlan el movimiento de la órbita:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/590gluyxmeswczc/Sin%20t%C3%ADtulo.png?dl=0
Defectos y localización de la lesión:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/hs9wd1rdez06bd4/defectos%20visuales%20y%20localizaci%C3%B3n.png?dl=0
Me gustó la imagen de los campos visuales, ya que tenía ciertas dudas respecto a ese tema.
ResponderEliminarExcelente explicacion.
ResponderEliminarExcelente información y muy clara explicación
ResponderEliminar