jueves, 15 de enero de 2015

THE EYE

Examination of the eye can provide very many important diagnostic clues for both general medical and neurological diseases.
     
      Examination can be divided into:
  • general
  • pupils
  • acuity
  • fields
  • fundi
Pupils

The pupillary light reaction
  • afferent : optic nerve
  • efferent : parasympoathetic component of the third nerve on both sides
Accomodation reaction

  • afferent : arises in the frontal lobes
  • efferent : as for light reaction
Acuity

Abnormalities may arise from:
  • ocular problemas, such as dense cataracts ( lens opacities). Not correctable with glasses but raedily identifiable on ophtalmoscopy
  • optical problems: abnormalities of the lenght of the focusing system in the eye, commonly called long- or short-sightedness. this can be corrected by glasses or by getting the patient to look through a pin-hole
  • retinal or retro-orbital abnormality of vison which cannot be corrected using lenses. Retinal causes are often visible on ophthalmoscopy.
Fields







The difference between papilloedema and papillitis can be remembered:

  • you see nothing( can´t find the disc) + patient sees everything ( normal vison)= papilloedema
  • you see nothing + patient sees nothing ( severe visula loss) = papillitis
  • you see everything ( normal looking disc) + patient sees nothing = retrobulbar neuritis


4 comentarios:

  1. Dr. tengo unas imágenes que saque del libro de exploración física Bates , que vienen didácticas y puede que les nos sirvan para recordar más fácilmente ; le dejo los links del dropbox donde los puede checar:
    PC que controlan el movimiento de la órbita:
    https://www.dropbox.com/s/590gluyxmeswczc/Sin%20t%C3%ADtulo.png?dl=0

    Defectos y localización de la lesión:
    https://www.dropbox.com/s/hs9wd1rdez06bd4/defectos%20visuales%20y%20localizaci%C3%B3n.png?dl=0

    ResponderEliminar
  2. Me gustó la imagen de los campos visuales, ya que tenía ciertas dudas respecto a ese tema.

    ResponderEliminar
  3. Excelente información y muy clara explicación

    ResponderEliminar